Licensed Mental Health Counselor

Mental health is critical to one’s well-being, and unfortunately, one in five Americans suffers from a mental illness. Because of chemical imbalances, trauma, or life circumstances, it can become increasingly challenging to self-regulate. Fortunately, there are mental health counselors who can help individuals overcome their illness and live a more regulated life. 

Mental health counselors work directly with individuals, couples, and groups to diagnose and treat mental health issues. Professionals in this field employ psychotherapy, problem-solving, or other techniques to help their clients identify and overcome their struggles. Mental health counselors help treat eating disorders, PTSD, trauma, alcoholism, addiction, and abuse. They often work with diverse populations, including the elderly, children, members of the LGBTQ+ community, or other underrepresented populations. 

Professionals who work as mental health counselors have earned a master’s degree, completed supervised practice hours, and received state licensure. In order to work as a mental health counselor, individuals must possess exceptional empathy, self-reflection skills, listening ability, patience, and tact. Licensing requirements vary by state, as do titles, including licensed professional counselor (LPC), licensed mental health counselor (LMHC), licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC), and licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). 

Mental health counselors earn a median annual salary of $68,290 per year. According to the Bureau of Labor and Statistics (BLS 2025), job openings for mental health counselors (including those specializing in substance abuse and behavioral disorders) are expected to swell 19 percent between 2023 and 2033. This will add 84,500 jobs nationally and represents a growth-rate more than four times the national average for all occupations during the same period (4 percent). 

Below is an overview of this thriving career, including the education required, steps to enter the field, and common roles and responsibilities.

A master’s degree is generally required for a career as a mental health counselor. Typical degrees include a master’s of science in counseling studies, a master’s of science in professional counseling, or a master’s of arts in counseling.

While many programs can be completed online, between 2,000 and 4,000 internship hours are needed to obtain a license. Professionals in this field can specialize in a number of different fields, including substance abuse, marriage and family therapy, developmental disability, art therapy, and trauma. 

Master’s degrees in mental health counseling require that students have completed at least a bachelor’s degree from a regionally accredited institution before admission. Undergraduate programs that will prepare students for master’s degree studies include those in psychology, sociology, and education. Some schools require students to submit GRE scores. Students will also be required to submit all school transcripts, and most programs request letters of recommendation, resumes, and personal statements.  

Mental health counselor programs have two accrediting bodies. The Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP) accredits master’s and doctoral degree programs in counseling and related fields in the United States and internationally. They are approved by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA), the U.S. Department of Education’s main organization, which recognizes accreditation entities.

Programs can also be accredited by the Master’s in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC). MPCAC-accredited programs are required to provide science-based education that are culturally responsive. The MPCAC is a member of the  Association of Specialized and Professional Accreditors (ASPA), an organization that ensures a minimum standard for specialized and professional programs. 

Attending an accredited institution will give students the confidence that the education they receive will be recognized by employers, testing agencies, licensing bodies, and other institutions.

University of Kansas – School of Education

The University of Kansas’ master’s of science in counseling psychology aims to train multiculturally competent counselors with a strong background in theory, research, and clinical practice. The School of Education is ranked 18th in the nation by US News & World Report  (2019), so students can rest assured they are attending a top-notch program. 

Diversity is at the forefront of this program and they are committed to including marginalized populations in all aspects of their program. To graduate, students are required to complete 60 credit-hours of coursework and 600 practicum hours. Additionally, students have the option of choosing one of three ways to demonstrate competency in the program. They can take a comprehensive exam, complete a project, or write a thesis. 

Applications for admission are due in January, and students will need to submit GRE scores along with transcripts, recommendations, and a resume. 

• Location: Lawrence, KS
• Duration: Two-and-a-half to three years
• Accreditation: Masters in Psychology & Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC)

Texas A & M University – Commerce College of Education and Human Services

Students wishing to become a licensed professional counselor (LPC) can complete the Texas A & M master’s of science in counseling to meet their education and practicum requirements. This 60-credit-hour program can be completed in ten semesters if attending part-time, and seven semesters if attending full-time. By taking a few extra courses students can also be eligible to be licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT). 

Students are required to take courses in counseling diverse populations, crisis intervention, and group dynamics and processes. Admission is open all year and students can start at the beginning of any semester. GRE scores are required for admission as well as an essay in response to a prompt. Students also need to submit all their undergraduate coursework transcripts and three professional letters of recommendation. 

• Location: Commerce, TX
• Duration: Two years
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Fairfield University – School of Education & Human Development

Fairfield University in Connecticut offers a Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling that prepares students for licensure as Licensed Professional Counselors (LPC) in Connecticut and other states. This 60‑credit program includes required practicum and internship training through the Counselor Education Lab and Training Center, under experienced faculty supervision. The curriculum emphasizes social justice, multicultural competence, and inclusion.

Applications typically require transcripts, letters of recommendation, a statement of purpose, and potentially the GRE (check current requirements).

• Location: Fairfield, CT
• Duration: Approximately 30 months (2.5 years)
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

George Washington University – Graduate School of Education and Human Development

George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, D.C., offers a 60‑credit Master of Arts in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with 100-hour practicum and 600-hour internship components The program focuses on clinical practice, innovation, and social justice. Students benefit from urban practicum opportunities and a strong academic reputation. Admission typically includes transcripts, recommendation letters, a personal essay, and resume; GRE requirements may vary.

• Location: Washington, DC
• Duration: Two to three years (full‑time or part‑time)
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Antioch University New England

Antioch University New England, located in New Hampshire, offers a CACREP‑accredited Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. The program includes an optional focus on Substance Abuse Counseling and uniquely allows graduates dual licensure as LMHC/LPC and Licensed Drug and Alcohol Counselors (LDAC). Coursework is grounded in applied psychology and social justice. Practicum and internship hours meet CACREP standards. Admission applications include GRE, transcripts, recommendations, and possibly essays.

• Location: Keene, NH
• Duration: Typically two to three years, depending on enrollment pace
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Northwestern University – The Family Institute

Northwestern University offers a master’s of arts in council completely online for students who need the flexibility to complete their studies on their own schedule. Despite being online, this program is very collaborative and provides interactive experiences between peers, faculty, and professionals in the field. 

Online students receive the same education that on-campus students receive. Northwestern aims to train students to become highly self-reflective counselors through in-person experiences that challenge students to reflect on their own identity and how it may influence their approach counseling. 

This program has four start dates a year and offers a standard program for those who already have an education in psychology or a bridge to counseling program for those who have no education or experience in the field.  

Applicants need to submit transcripts, letters of recommendation, a resume, a statement of purpose, and a recent photo to be considered for admission. As part of the admissions process, students will participate in a group interview with other prospective students and a faculty member to gauge empathy, self-reflection, and listening skills. 

• Location: Evanston, IL
• Duration: 18 months to three years
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

NYU – Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development

The online master’s of arts in counseling for mental health and wellness from NYU prepares students for licensure and employment as mental health counselors. Graduates of this program have gone on to work in private practices, government agencies, and treatment facilities as licensed professional counselors (LPC). 

This intense program requires students to complete 60 credit-hours, 100 practicum hours, and a 600-hour internship in order to graduate. This flexible program allows students to complete coursework at their own pace while still offering a collaborative environment utilizing online tools. 

Students learn to assess individuals and groups and then apply a variety of counseling skills based on the evaluation. Students gain real-world skills during their internship at an NYU-approved site in communities across the country. 

Admission is granted on a rolling basis and students can choose from four different start-dates each year. GRE scores are not required for admission but transcripts, a resume, references, a statement of purpose, and an application fee are. 

• Location: New York, NY 
• Duration: 21 months
• Accreditation: Master’s in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC)

William & Mary – School of Education

William & Mary offers a master’s of education in counseling with a concentration in clinical mental health counseling that is delivered primarily online. This program is ideal for students who need the flexibility of asynchronous coursework while still benefiting from hands-on training and support from faculty and peers. Students are required to attend two brief in-person residencies during the program to build practical skills and connections with their cohort.

Although most coursework is online, students participate in live classes, collaborative projects, and supervised clinical experiences. The program emphasizes multicultural competence, reflective practice, and a strong foundation in developmental and evidence-based counseling approaches. Students complete a practicum and internship at approved clinical sites in their local communities.

The program offers three start dates each year and is structured around 7.5-week terms. It is open to students with a background in psychology or education, as well as career changers who meet admission criteria.

• Location: Williamsburg, VA 
• Duration: Three years (part-time)
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

Bradley University – Department of Counseling and Leadership

Bradley University offers a master’s of arts in clinical mental health counseling fully online designed for students who want to prepare for licensure while maintaining flexibility. This program delivers the same rigorous curriculum as Bradley’s on-campus option, with a focus on developing ethical, compassionate, and culturally competent counselors.

Students engage in live virtual classes, online discussions, and collaborative assignments. Fieldwork includes a supervised practicum and internship that students complete at approved sites in their local area, giving them real-world experience in diverse counseling settings. Faculty provide close mentorship throughout the program.

The curriculum includes foundational courses in assessment, counseling theory, and professional ethics, along with specialized coursework in crisis intervention and group counseling. Students move through the program in small cohorts and benefit from a supportive learning environment.

• Location: Peoria, IL 
• Duration: Two years (full-time)
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

North Carolina State University – College of Education

North Carolina State University offers a master’s of education in clinical mental health counseling that is delivered in a hybrid online format. The program is designed for working professionals in North Carolina who are looking to complete a rigorous counseling program with the flexibility of remote coursework and limited in-person components.

Students receive the same academic and clinical preparation as on-campus students. The program combines asynchronous online instruction with occasional in-person sessions during the practicum and internship phases. Students complete over 700 hours of supervised clinical work in approved local settings under the guidance of both site and university supervisors.

The curriculum is grounded in developmental theory, social justice, and culturally responsive care. Students take courses in counseling diverse populations, diagnostics, group work, and ethics, among others. The cohort model fosters peer collaboration and long-term professional connections.

• Location: Raleigh, NC (online/hybrid delivery)
• Duration: Three years (part-time)
• Accreditation: Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs (CACREP)

On average, it takes at least ten years of education, including high school, to become a mental health counselor. Supervised practicum requirements vary by state and can significantly affect how many years it takes to become licensed in this profession. Typically, it takes two to four years after completing a master’s to be able to sit for a licensing exam. 

Step 1: Graduate from High School or Obtain a GED (Four Years)

Earning a high school diploma or obtaining a GED demonstrates dedication and the ability to complete a program. Undergraduate institutions expect students to have completed this minimum requirement before admission. Students who wish to have an advantage when applying for colleges or universities should take advanced or AP courses and obtain college credit while still in high school. 

Step 2: Complete a Bachelor’s Degree (four Years)

Students pursuing a career as a mental health counselor typically complete either a bachelor’s of science or bachelor’s of arts in sociology, psychology, education, or a related field. Maintaining at least a 3.0 GPA as this will make students more competitive for graduate admission. Students should ensure that the program they attend has a regional or national accreditation.

Step 3: Obtain an Advanced Degree (Two to Eight Years)

All states require mental health counselors to have a master’s degree. The length of study varies by program but can take anywhere from 18 months to three years. Some students opt to complete a PhD. To become a nationally certified counselor (NCC) through the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), the program a student completes must meet minimum standards, including length, content, and practicum requirements.

Step 4: Complete Supervised Practice (Two to Four Years)

Requirements vary by state, but to be eligible to become an NCC, graduates must complete 3,000 hours of postgraduate work experience and 100 hours of counseling supervision. While completing supervised practice, graduates will perform all the duties of a counselor under the supervision of a licensed counselor. It is imperative to check the regulations for each state to ensure that hours are recorded appropriately, as the requirements vary. 

Step 5: Pass State Licensing Exam (Timeline Varies)

Each state has its own requirements for licensing exams for mental health counselors. Some states require the National Counselor Examination (NCE) or the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination (NCMHCE). Other states let you choose which test you take or have their own exam. The NBCC has created a directory that details the requirements for each state. 

Step 6: Apply for a State License (Timeline Varies)

Once all the state requirements have been met, including supervised practice hours and passing test scores, prospective counselors can apply for state licensure through their state authority.

Mental health counselors work in mental health clinics, schools, private practices, hospitals, government agencies, correctional facilities, and businesses. Their primary duties include:

• Assessing and diagnosing mental health issues in clients
• Talking to clients about their experiences, feelings, and worries
• Providing a variety of mental health therapies to a client based on the client’s needs
• Setting mental health goals and help clients reach them
• Helping clients identify barriers to their recovery and developing strategies to overcome them
• Maintaining client records 
• Collaborating with other medical professionals to coordinate services for the client 
• Conducting group therapy sessions
• Working with clients to develop problem solving skills for when future issues arise

Licensing for mental health counselor varies by state. The most common titles issued by states are licensed professional counselor (LPC), licensed mental health counselor (LMHC), licensed clinical professional counselor (LCPC), and licensed professional clinical counselor (LPCC). The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) has created a directory that details the requirements for each state. Mental health counselors are required to be licensed in all 50 states. The NBCC offers specialized certification in school counseling, addiction, and clinical mental health.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS May 2024), the 440,380 Substance abuse and mental health counselors in the US earn $65,100 per year on average. Here are the latest percentiles as of August 2025:

• 10th percentile: $39,090
• 25th percentile: $47,170
• 50th percentile (median): $59,190
• 75th percentile: $76,230
• 90th percentile: $98,210

Here are a few alternatives to a career as a mental health counselor. 

Become a Social Worker

Social workers engage in both therapeutic support and case management to address clients’ mental health needs, housing, healthcare, nutrition, and other social determinants. They act as advocates and resource connectors while addressing broader systemic challenges.

• Typical Education: Master’s of Social Work (MSW)
• Licensing or Certifying Organization: Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)

Become an Applied Behavior Analyst

Applied behavior analysts (ABAs) specialize in behavior modification techniques grounded in data-driven protocols to support individuals with behavioral or developmental challenges—commonly autism spectrum disorders, addictions, or brain injuries. ABAs assess behaviors, design and implement intervention plans, and work closely with clients and families to promote functional skills.

• Typical Education: Master’s degree in Applied Behavior Analysis, Psychology, or Education
• Licensing or Certifying Organization: Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB)

Become a Certified Rehabilitation Counselor

Certified rehabilitation counselors support people with disabilities, focusing on independent living, career development, and community integration. They assess individual strengths and limitations, develop tailored rehabilitation plans, and coordinate resources to help clients succeed socially and professionally.

• Typical Education: Master’s degree in Rehabilitation Counseling or related field
• Licensing or Certifying Organization: Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC)

Kimmy Gustafson

Writer

At HealthcareDegree.com, Kimmy Gustafson has delivered in-depth and insightful articles since 2019, aiding prospective students to navigate the complexities of choosing the right healthcare degree. Her recent work includes topics such as the ethics of gene editing and physician assistant’s fight for autonomy.

Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.